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Featured
X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Safety Culture - diving in the zone

“Thank [beep] for that! How lucky were we? We better not do that again.

Don’t tell anyone though, we don’t want to look like amateurs...”

Words:
Gareth Lock
Images:
Gareth Lock
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

The problem with not letting people know what happened is two-fold. Firstly, others can’t learn from your mistakes; and secondly, the ‘authorities’ don’t obtain the evidence to show that there is a problem with whatever it was that went wrong.

 

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

What exactly is meant by "Rebreather Friendly"?

“Rebreather Friendly” dive centres—what exactly does this mean? With emerging technologies becoming more mainstream in the diving world these days, more and more people are making investments in rebreathers. Everyone knows the advantages of these pieces of kit—extended dive time capabilities, reduced gas usage, quieter and less obtrusive to the aquatic world, etc. But are dive operators thinking along the same lines? Do they see the potential for increased business opportunities?

Words:
Pete Mesley
Images:
Pete Mesley
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips
Tech and Training

With the advent of PADI’s recreational closed circuit rebreather (CCR) dive programmes announced in late 2011, it was anticipated that there would be a tidal wave of interest by the diving public learning on rebreathers to capitalise on the advantages of rebreather diving, and dive shops would be able to offer rebreather training and fully-supported CCR operations to their clients.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

In-water Recompression: Good or Bad Idea

Say you are in some far-flung location where it will take quite some time to get to any recompression chamber. What do you do if you get decompression sickness? Get back in the water and recompress?

Words:
Dr Simon Mitchell
Images:
Divers at decostop
➥ Download the full article as pdf ⬅︎
Tech and Training

The prevailing wisdom in recent years has been that in-water recompression is too risky and should be avoided but the case may not be so black and white after all. The following is an excerpt and abridged version of a presentation Dr Simon Mitchell held at Diving Talks in Portugal, transcribed and edited by Peter Symes.

 

I bet you there is not a single one of you, who is a diver for any length of time, who has not been asked: “If you get decompression sickness, why don’t you just get back in the water and treat it there?”

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Helga and the Weight Debate

How much weight should a diver use? How much is too much or too little to maintain proper posture, balance and air consumption? How do you adjust for a new wetsuit? Simon Pridmore discusses weight issues and offers tips and advice.

Words:
Simon Pridmore
Images:
scuba diver
➥ Download the full article as pdf ⬅︎
Tech and Training

Helga was on the eighth day of a long liveaboard trip across Indonesia. The diving had been superb, and she was having fun and feeling relaxed.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Preconditioning for Safer Scuba Diving

This column is adapted from a chapter in my book, Scuba Physiological – Think you know all about Scuba Medicine? Think Again! The chapters in this book were originally written by scientists in the field of decompression research as part of a three-year project called PHYPODE (Physiology of Decompression). My (self-appointed) task was to rewrite their sometimes-complex research in a form accessible to all divers.

Words:
Simon Pridmore
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

One interesting aspect they addressed was the concept of preconditioning as it may apply to scuba diving safety. In other sports, preconditioning strategies such as warming up, passive heat maintenance and prior exercise are used to ensure that athletes perform as well as possible on game day.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Diver Error Highlights the Lethality within the System

Diving is not without risk—there is always a chance of death. There is always a latent or potential lethality within the “system”—where system is defined as the equipment, people and the physical, social or cultural environment. We cannot make diving 100 percent safe despite what anyone tells you. We can make things safer, but we cannot make diving safe.

Words:
Gareth Lock
Images:
Gareth Lock
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

Most of the time, it is the diver’s skills, knowledge and attitude that prevents those risks from being materialised and an injury or fatality from happening. However, when errors happen, the latent or hidden lethality within the system is exposed. Sometimes, there is some luck involved in preventing a fatality or serious injury. However, luck should never be considered part of the plan for anything other than those genuine expeditions that are really pushing the boundaries.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Turning Tek

Once considered an extreme activity reserved only for a fringe set of explorers and adventurers, technical diving has grown in popularity since the ‘90s and has become mainstream. However, technical diving is not for everyone. Aside from an advanced skill set, it also requires a certain mindset. How do you know if you have got it? Simon Pridmore offers insights into what makes a good technical diver.

Words:
Simon Pridmore
Images:
Andrey Bizyukin, Larry Cohen and Olga Torrey
Tech diver on wreck
➥ Download the full article as pdf ⬅︎
Tech and Training

After almost three hours underwater, the divers surface silently behind the boat and fin slowly to the ladder where the crew is waiting to relieve them of the torpedo-like propulsion vehicles they are towing. They unclip unused cylinders clipped to the side of their harnesses and hand them up carefully.

Back on deck, they close the mouthpieces integral to their full-face masks and check the twin monitoring devices strapped to their forearms before shucking off their shell-clad electronic life-support devices and laying them down gently.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Cave Diving? Not Me! – Reactions to Thai Cave Rescue Features

It may be more than four years since the 2018 Thai cave rescue dominated headlines, but the recent movie and miniseries releases have generated highly emotional reactions once again. Are divers being put off cave diving, and why should any diver consider going underground? Yvonne Press takes a closer look, interviewing several divers and technical diving instructors for this report.

Words:
Yvonne Press
Images:
Yvonne Press
Audrey Cudel
Robin Cuesta
cave diver
➥ Download the full article as pdf ⬅︎
Tech and Training
Image
Press Release
Received from: Buddy Dive

Announcing Operation CCR 2023 – THE CCR event on Bonaire

In 2023, Your Buddies on Bonaire are back with a new edition of Operation CCR.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Utö Mines: Exploring 150-year-old Mines in Sweden

The desire for adventure lies in wait and entices us… On Utö, there was an unexplored mine system. Follow Anders Etander down into the darkness, where the “In Water Under Land” exploration group had the privilege of diving in a place that has been untouched for 150 years.

Words:
Anders Etander
Images:
Anders Etander
Diver places a cookie, 74m, in Stjernheim’s shaft. Photo by Anders Etander
➥ Download the full article as pdf ⬅︎
Tech and Training

Our journey through life is amazing, and it is strange how one thing can lead to another. Ever since we got our basic certificate in mine diving, my closest dive friends and I had talked about the existence of mines on Utö Island in the Stockholm archipelago.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

All the Trimmings: Tips to Improve Your Efficiency in Water with Good Trim

Trim is a misunderstood, and often poorly rectified, scuba skill. In our scuba journey, trim is something that we may or may not encounter or discuss, unless we get into technical diving or more advanced recreational diving. Francesco Cameli offers insight and advice in how to improve your trim and increase your efficiency in the water.

Words:
Francesco Cameli
Images:
Illustrations by Francesco Cameli
Scuba diver
➥ Download the full article as pdf ⬅︎
Tech and Training

My experience of this is that no one had really mentioned it to me until I took a GUE Fundamentals class—not in advanced, not in rescue, nor in drysuit. I was blissfully ignoring my trim. When it came time to address it, I struggled! So, in case my journey sounds familiar, I want to take a moment to share with you some tips that I have picked up along the way.

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Reviews

Books & Media

Marine Life of the North Sea and English Channel

Lawson Wood’s Marine Life of the North Sea and English Channel is an extensive guide dedicated to the exploration and understanding of the diverse marine ecosystems found between the British Isles and the coasts of northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and southern Sweden.

Cover  Marine LIfe of the North Sea and English Channel
Works by Our Contributors
Review
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Lawson Wood
Books & Media

Reefs of Time

In Reefs of Time, geoscientist and science educator Lisa S. Gardiner offers a compelling and accessible exploration of how fossil coral reefs can inform our understanding of the threats facing reefs today. 

Book cover:  Reefs of Time
Review
Books & Media

Yes, Fish Feel Pain

A thought-provoking examination of fish sentience, behaviour and the growing scientific debate surrounding pain perception in aquatic animals.

Yes, Fish Feel Pain
Works by Our Contributors
Review
Books
Ila France Porcher
Books & Media

Scuba Diving Operational Risk Management

An SAS approach to principles, techniques and application in recreational and technical diving.

Book cover
Review
Books
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About X-Ray Mag

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Compiled by an international network of top dive editors and world-class underwater photographers, X-RAY MAG is the planet's only truly global premier dive lifestyle magazine. Subscription and downloads are free. Published since 2003.

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AquaScope Media ApS - Copenhagen - © 2026

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