White sharks shed genetic material (skin and feces) into their environment which can be traced in water samples.
White sharks shed genetic material (skin and feces) into their environment which can be traced in water samples.

Tracing Mediterranean Great White Sharks With DNA

As fans of crime series will know, every living creature sheds DNA through skin cells, hair, scales and other bodily secretions as they move. This leaves behind a trace in whatever environment they were in, thus becoming environmental DNA (eDNA).

An emerging molecular technique called eDNA analysis enables researchers to scan samples of water, air, or soil for tiny remnants of DNA and identify organisms it came from.

Wild Diving in the Komati Springs of South Africa

Exploring a side tunnel on the third level of the mine
Exploring a side tunnel on the third level of the mine at Komati Springs

If you have ever wondered how dark the earth was before humans discovered fire, then spend some time in the forest. The night arrives shortly after 6 p.m. and the sun rises around 5 a.m. In this period of time, you may feel enveloped by the darkness in this part of South Africa. Andrea Murdock Alpini shares his adventure diving the Komati Springs.