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  • ⚲ Search

Orcas Are Possibly Two Distinct Species

Orcas are recognised as a single, ecologically and morphologically diverse, globally distributed species. However, biologists have increasingly acknowledged significant differences between two well-known populations of orcas in the North Pacific Ocean, suggesting they may be separate species.

Ecology & Science

Orcas have long been considered a single global species, with different forms in different regions, known as “ecotypes.”

However, scientists have long recognised the differences between resident and transient orcas, known as Bigg's killer whales, in the North Pacific. Resident orcas maintain close-knit family pods and prey on salmon and other marine fish, while Bigg’s orcas roam in smaller groups and hunt other marine mammals such as seals and whales.

Orcas battling strange skin disease

Orcas resident off the Pacific Northwest coast of Canada and the US appear to be suffering from some kind of skin disease, new research suggests.

Orcas photographed off the southern side of Unimak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Ecology & Science

Scientists studying endangered southern resident orcas have noticed a steady increase of mysterious gray patches and gray targets (circular lesions which may appear on concentric rings – ed.) on the whales’ skin from 2004 to 2016. 

To date, researchers managed to identify six distinct types of lesions, with the two most common types being gray patches or targets. Some resemble tattooed skin.

They do not know the cause of the lesions and are worried that they could be due to underlying health problems in the struggling population.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Salmon Sharks of Alaska

Sharks elicit strong emotions, be it the thrill of a planned encounter underwater or fear propelled by social media and lack of information. Of the more than 400 species of sharks, it is the small family of mackerel sharks that is most iconic. These sharks prompted me to share why one of them, the salmon shark, is an especially remarkable species.

Words:
Jennifer Idol
Images:
Jennifer Idol
Salmon sharks lack a nictitating membrane, so their eyes can be seen following a subject, Port Fidalgo, Alaska, USA. Photo by Jennifer Idol.
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips

Why sharks? Seeking encounters with sharks has become a mild obsession of mine, and sharing their story is deeply personal. My interest in sharks was spurred by years of diving and not seeing sharks on those dives. The few sharks I did see were mostly nurse sharks, which did not conjure the same kind of excitement as sharks typically depicted in movies and media. It was the brief glimpse of a bull shark in the Florida Keys that grabbed my imagination.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Washington State's Hood Canal

Over ten years have past since my last dive in Hood Canal. I’m not sure why, probably because I’ve been so focused on exploring the pristine waters of British Columbia that the extra effort of driving so far south has always deterred me. But when Adventures Down Under, a dive shop in Bellingham, invited me to join their group for a Hood Canal dive charter, I was too curious to say anything but yes.

Words:
Barb Roy
Images:
Barb Roy
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips

But for this trip our group of seven met up with Don Coleman, owner and operator of Pacific Adventure at the Pleasant Harbor Marina on the west side of Hood Canal, off Highway 101. It was a typical chilly January day where air temperatures may have climbed to a balmy 30°F (-1°C). I was just happy for the warm sunshine and pleasant attitudes all around. The distance to carry our gear from the car to the boat was short, and the 38-foot (11.5-meter) boat had plenty of covered deck space to spread out on. A warm cabin below was great for changing into our dry suits.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

San Juan Islands

very now and then I get an assignment close to home, which means my dive buddy and I can usually load up the car with dive and photography gear, and maybe a kayak or two, and head out for a full weekend of adventurous exploring. If the location is exceptional, like an assignment to dive in Washington State’s San Juan Islands, we often allocate several days to experience all that’s available.

Words:
Barb Roy
Images:
Barb Roy
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips

When researching this unique area, I found there are over 170 different islands and reefs that have been named in the San Juan Archipelago. Of this spectacular array only four islands are serviced by the local ferry system—San Juan, Orcas, Lopez and Shaw—with daily departures from Anacortes.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Alaska: Juneau to Sitka

A dive trip to the U.S. State of Alaska is a true adventure, both above and below the surface. The rich green waters of the Pacific Northwest are full of life and photographic opportunities. The liveaboard dive boat, Nautilus Swell, is a great way to experience Southeast Alaska.

Words:
Larry Cohen
Images:
Larry Cohen
Olga Torrey
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips

Before embarking on the Nautilus Swell, there was a chance to spend a few days in Juneau. This town started as a gold-mining camp in 1880. When Alaska became the 49th state of the United States in 1959, Juneau became the capital.

 

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Pacific Northwest: A Rhapsody in Red

What wonderfully brilliant red colors one can find in the underwater realm, especially in the Pacific Northwest regions of North America. Why are these marine species so red? How do they get that color? What purpose does it serve? As in many cases in nature, it comes down to simple survival.

Words:
Gunild Symes
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips

What creatures eat can dictate how they appear. In the case of the sea anemone Actinia, it relies on algae for its nutrition. Algae comes in various colors including red. What give algae, and hence the anemone that consumes the algae, its red color is a substance called carotenoids.

 

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

North America's Pacific Northwest

Puget Sound • San Juan Islands • Strait of Juan de Fuca • Vancouver Island • Alaska.

The waters of the northern Pacific coast of North America are some of the richest in the world in terms of marine life and natural resources due to a continual influx of nutrients brought by currents that circulate in the region. Divers will find both awe-inspiring and challenging experiences to enjoy here.

Words:
Gunild Symes
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips

Picking the right dive site at the right time of year and the right time of day with the right dive operator, those of us who are avid underwater photographers can capture some fantastic images on film. The people who live in the Pacific Northwest are friendly and casual, helpful folk. Neighborhood operators, who know the region like the back of their hands because they dive these sights for personal enjoyment weekly, are very happy to help newcomers enjoy the riches of the underwater realm found practically in their backyards.

 

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Are Puget Sound Orcas starving to death?

Two of the resident orca families from Puget sound —L and K pods—have been seen in recent years feeding off the California coast in the winter. That was unheard of before early this decade, leading scientists to speculate they are driven to swim hundreds of miles just to meet their minimum nutritional requirements. Showing signs of starvation as salmon runs faltered up and down the west coast, Puget Sound’s orca population lost seven of its number over the past year, bringing the population to just 83, scientists reported.

Words:
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Ecology & Science

Experts believe the population of the J, K and L pods that frequent the San Juan Islands and Puget Sound probably originally numbered between 100 and 200.

“Eighty-three is low. The real number that’s of concern is that we only have about a dozen reproductive females,” said Ken Balcomb, founder of the Center for Whale Research on San Juan Island.

Orcas are full of PCBs

U.S. and Canadian scientists have reported that the levels of PCBs, a long-banned industrial chemical in blubber from orcas that frequent Puget Sound, were still high enough to cause health problems.

Ecology & Science

 

The chemicals cling to fat and can cause reproductive and immunological problems. While the researchers noted a slight decline in the level of PCBs over time, the chemical lingers on 30 years after it was banned,

Another recent publication predicted that problems from PCB contamination would plague the local orcas for at least 60 more years.

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Secret Seas

Professional underwater photographer, Paul Flandinette and marine scientist and underwater photographer Michel Claereboudt take the reader on a breathtaking journey of discovery into Oman's underwater world.

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Technically Speaking

Simon Pridmore's aim in writing this book was to examine and record where technical diving came from, how it developed, how it expanded across the world, who the important movers were and how the efforts of a few determined people changed our little field of human endeavour forever.

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In Reefs of Time, geoscientist and science educator Lisa S. Gardiner offers a compelling and accessible exploration of how fossil coral reefs can inform our understanding of the threats facing reefs today. 

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Scuba Diving Operational Risk Management

An SAS approach to principles, techniques and application in recreational and technical diving.

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