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X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Southern Madagascar: Cave Diving in the Mikea Forest

This is a story about a “cave man” in paradise. OK, you smile, that is a good start, as this tale will certainly whet your appetite. Pierre Constant shares his adventure diving the caves of the Mikea Forest in South Madagascar.

Words:
Pierre Constant
Images:
Pierre Constant
Bottle baobab with fungus patterns, Madagascar
➥ Download the full article as pdf ⬅︎
Travel & Trips

My compulsive relationship to Madagascar has been a steady affair of the heart for the past 30 years. In 2012, curiosity brought me to explore the sinkholes of the Great South. I devoted my time to investigating various sites on the Mahafaly Plateau to the south of Tulear. From my experience of cave diving in South Australia, I understood that caves and sinkholes, connected to underground rivers, were a source of unexpected finds—such as fossils of extinct prehistoric animals.

Treasure of notorious Scottish pirate William Kidd reported found

Archaeologists in Madagascar say they have found what they believe is the treasure of notorious Scottish pirate William Kidd.

Wrecks & Archaeology

Captain Kidd was executed in 1701 for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Legend had it that Kidd hid much of his loot, which has prompted numerous treasure hunts around the world and inspired Robert Louis Stevenson when he wrote Treasure Island.

Madagascar establishes shark sanctuary

Protected area is Indian Ocean nation’s first shark sanctuary.

Ecology & Science

The Madagascar government has established its first shark sanctuary in an area celebrated for marine biodiversity. According to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the new marine protections apply to Antongil Bay, located in northwestern Madagascar and renowned for its coral reefs and seasonal humpback whale population.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Madagascar: Sinkholes & Caves on Mahafaly Plateau

Stretching west and north of the Isalo Ranges, the Mahafaly Plateau runs like a dragon’s tongue to the very tip of Madagascar’s southwest coast. This is a remote country in the Great South, where numerous historical shipwrecks have lain below the waves since the 16th century.

Words:
Pierre Constant
Images:
Pierre Constant
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Travel & Trips

The Mahafaly Plateau has been affected by post-Eocene tectonic movements with a northwest-southeast distension, which tops an older tectonic event on the underlying substrate. Seismic activity is a common occurrence there. The karst process is intense in the lower Eocene with very deep caving systems, whereas in the mid-Eocene, sinkholes are only visible.

 

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Latest updates

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6 Jun, 2026 - 03:45
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2 Jun, 2026 - 19:52
Ancient Shipwreck Cargo Yields Clues to Greek Wine Trade
2 Jun, 2026 - 17:20
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5 Jun, 2026 ➢ 7 Jun, 2026

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Reviews

Books & Media

Reefs of Time

In Reefs of Time, geoscientist and science educator Lisa S. Gardiner offers a compelling and accessible exploration of how fossil coral reefs can inform our understanding of the threats facing reefs today. 

Book cover:  Reefs of Time
Review
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Yes, Fish Feel Pain

A thought-provoking examination of fish sentience, behaviour and the growing scientific debate surrounding pain perception in aquatic animals.

Yes, Fish Feel Pain
Works by Our Contributors
Review
Books
Ila France Porcher
Books & Media

Technically Speaking

Simon Pridmore's aim in writing this book was to examine and record where technical diving came from, how it developed, how it expanded across the world, who the important movers were and how the efforts of a few determined people changed our little field of human endeavour forever.

Technically Speaking
Works by Our Contributors
Review
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Simon Pridmore
Books & Media

Marine Life of the North Sea and English Channel

Lawson Wood’s Marine Life of the North Sea and English Channel is an extensive guide dedicated to the exploration and understanding of the diverse marine ecosystems found between the British Isles and the coasts of northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and southern Sweden.

Cover  Marine LIfe of the North Sea and English Channel
Works by Our Contributors
Review
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Lawson Wood
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Compiled by an international network of top dive editors and world-class underwater photographers, X-RAY MAG is the planet's only truly global premier dive lifestyle magazine. Subscription and downloads are free. Published since 2003.

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