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New brain map to explain how cuttlefish camouflage themselves

Neuroscientists at Queensland Brain Institute have created, for the first time, a detailed outline of the brain structure and neuronal network of the cuttlefish.

Findings of their research was published in the iScience journal.

Since the current understanding of the cuttlefish’s brain has been based on just the nocturnal European common cuttlefish species, the research team wanted to expand the research to include selected cuttlefish that are active during the day, and to compare with other species from the Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific regions.

Lifou in New Caledonia

Lifou's Kiki Beach, as seen from the cliffs, Lifou, New Caledonia
Lifou's Kiki Beach, as seen from the cliffs, Lifou, New Caledonia

Stretching over 500km, the Loyalty Islands of New Caledonia in Melanesia are a tropical oasis in the Pacific. It is here that one can experience the beautiful underwater world of Lifou, home to a diverse array of marine life. Pierre Constant shares his adventure there.

Californian Wreck

Diver on Californian wreck
Hardware covered with corynactis, which decorates the entire wreck of the Californian

The Californian was an American steamship built in 1900, which sank in the Gulf of Biscay, off the coast of France, in 1918, during a WWI convoy. Pascal Henaff has the story.

Dive into Taiwan: Kenting

In the southernmost district of Taiwan lies the Taiwanese Riviera, located in Hengchun Township (also known as Kenting), where divers enjoy the warm waters and plentiful marine life of the sheltered bay of Nan Wan, with its coral cliffs, reefs and pinnacles. Simon Pridmore has the story.

Whales have developed mechanisms against diseases such as cancer.
Whales have developed mechanisms against diseases such as cancer.

Why whales don't get cancer

Cancer should be a near certainty for whales, being the longest-living and largest mammals there are. Across species, the higher the number of cells, the greater the number of cell divisions and the higher the probability of DNA damage and the transformation of a normal cell into a cancerous one.

However, the occurrence of cancer does not show a correlation with body mass. The lack of correlation between body mass and cancer risk is known as Peto’s paradox.

Explore the Underwater Jungle! LIDA Film Festival

There’s a jungle off the California coast. It is lush, and green, and filled with a marvelous diversity of life. It is every bit a wilderness, with a complex eco-system that is both resilient and fragile. And if you were to look at the islands poking their heads above the water about an hour outside of Ventura, you’d be surprised to be using those words. The islands look barren and dry. Hardly the place for thick jungles of plants and trees.

Nurse shark
Nurse shark

Some sharks return to the same sites to breed for decades

Scientists with the New England Aquarium found that nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum, returned to the waters off the Dry Tortugas, 70 miles (113km) from Key West, to mate for up to 28 years. The Dry Tortugas has been known as a courtship and mating site for nurse sharks since 1895.

A 30-year (1992–2021) study documented long-term site fidelity to this area, with data from 137 adult sharks.

Competence & Confidence

Diving is a relatively safe activity and pastime. At least, it ranks low in statistics regarding injuries compared to many other sport disciplines. Certainly, we would not have dive programmes and certifications for young kids under eight years old if it was unsafe or risky.

But low risk is not equal to no risk, and whatever is considered an acceptable level of risk under various circumstances can always be lowered further—perhaps just in small increments, but it all adds up over time.

Nate Wilson Portfolio

Banggai Cardinalfish Shoal, 36in x 24in, watercolor by Nate Wilson
Banggai Cardinalfish Shoal, 36in x 24in, watercolor on paper by Nate Wilson

American artist Nate Wilson creates beautiful and enchanting watercolor paintings of marine life with great attention to the unique characteristics of each species. X-Ray Mag interviewed the artist to find out more about his artwork and creative perspectives.