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Featured
X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Safety Culture - diving in the zone

“Thank [beep] for that! How lucky were we? We better not do that again.

Don’t tell anyone though, we don’t want to look like amateurs...”

Words:
Gareth Lock
Images:
Gareth Lock
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

The problem with not letting people know what happened is two-fold. Firstly, others can’t learn from your mistakes; and secondly, the ‘authorities’ don’t obtain the evidence to show that there is a problem with whatever it was that went wrong.

 

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Technical Diving: Why?

Technical diving gives you the opportunity to develop your diving without becoming an instructor. But the diving becomes more difficult, and the technology is not what you are used to.

Words:
Fredrik Isakson
Images:
Alex Dawson
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

In recent years, a new path has opened up for those who do not want to become an instructor and yet want to develop with his or her diving; that path is technical diving.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Do it right

Something I find surprising in the 21st century is the amount of divers that have had no formal training below 40 meters.

Words:
Leigh Cunningham
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

We can’t help it.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Double Standards

For the last 30 years or so, dive training agencies have been certifying recreational divers as competent to plan and carry out non-decompression and no-stop dives to a max depth of 40msw.

Words:
Leigh Cunningham
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

Around 70% of certified divers worldwide have been certified by the single largest training agency. A high percentage of these 70% go from being non divers to become “advanced scuba divers” in less than a week, and with under 10 open water dives under their belt.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Becoming a Coast Guard Diver

The surface of the 12-foot pool bubbles like a hot tub while instructors below signal to a group of dive students using a series of hand signals on how to inflate their vest.

Words:
Petty Officer 1st Class NyxoLyno Cangemi - Eighth Coast Guard District External…
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

“Coming here is like getting your masters degree in diving,” said Coast Guard Lt. Alan Fitzgerald, a student enrolled in the Marine Engineering Dive Officer Course at the dive center. “The academics alone are pretty tough, because you get into all aspects of diving including physics and medicine. As far as physical fitness, they train you to be strong, so you can handle yourself under the surface.”

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Do you need to lose some weight?

Regardless of the type of dive, shallow non-deco recreational dive or the 120 metre deep mix wreck dive in the Atlantic, correct weighting will increase the safety and comfort of any dive tenfold. However, it is often the case that not enough emphasis is put on correct weighting from the very beginning, i.e. at the Open Water course.

Words:
Leigh Cunningham
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

Unfortunately, with some students, due to the stress of breathing underwater for the first time, good training and advice tend to go in one ear and out the other. By the time divers (who will naturally have inappropriate breathing techniques initially) have cracked the breathing pattern issue, they have forgotten what the instructor had to say about correct weighting in the first place.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Choosing a Technical Instructor

As I have grown to be an experienced diver, my standard for choosing an instructor to train or mentor under, has also evolved. When I signed up for my first scuba class, it really didn’t make any difference to me who was going to teach it. The excitement of learning to breathe underwater was the only thing that mattered.

As it turned out, my instructor was a past Executive Director of NAUI and an ex-Navy Seal. It wasn’t until I had some real diving experience to compare my skills to, that I really began to appreciate how well trained I was, and how a good instructor can make all the difference in the world.

Words:
Ron Akeson
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

Now, I seek only the top (and often hardest) instructor trainers when I require additional training for myself, and I love the challenge. What I have come to realize is that you can be trained by any dive center that offers technical instruction, but for the knowledge to truly stick with you and sink in, the instructor must be good at the craft of teaching.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Diving Rebreathers

Rebreathers look cool, glitzy, technical and heralded as the future of diving, right? We read a lot about their impressive performances concerning duration of dives, gas economy, extended no deco limits and what not.

Words:
Peter Symes
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Equipment
Tech and Training

Rebreathers aren’t exactly an impulse buy, but they don’t quite require the same deep pockets as a super car. So, you could actually own one if you put your mind and piggy bank pennies into it. They do come with the same sort of built-in bragging rights and can still gather a crowd on a beach. However, the glitz factor shouldn’t be the only reason for getting one—there are easier routes to impressing members of the opposite sex.

Hearing

Another major reason why I have a richer diving experience on my rebreather is that I can hear better—no noisy breathing apparatus or bubbles— and so, can more keenly sense what is going on around me, even when I do see it directly. I have a much more acute sense of the three-dimensional space around me and what is in it. But let me get back to that later.

During the start-up sequence, the breathing loop is filled with 100% oxygen to calibrate the sensors, so we have to observe that the oxygen partial pressure drops down from 1 bar to stabilise at 0.70 bar partial pressure, which we have chosen as our low set point.

This is the oxygen level with which we start the dive. Any wrong or erratic behaviour of the oxygen sensors will show in the readings or produce an outright error-message, of which you must strive to find the cause and correct before you can dive.

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Redundancy - double bagging for divers

In the world of technical diving, a direct ascent to the surface is not an option if you run into a problem or emergency. For this reason, technical divers are required to carry back-up systems to resolve problems associated with equipment malfunction during a dive.

But what about the rest of us?

Words:
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Tech and Training

Fortunately, there are a lot of good lessons and readily applicable techniques to be learned from the world of technical diving, that can make diving much safer, without being a real bother or overshadowing the experience. Using a seat-belt when driving a car has become second nature, as is carrying a spare tyre in the trunk. We will probably never, or rarely, actually have need of them, but when needed we surely appreciate these simple measures.

 

X-RAY MAGAZINE FEATURE

Pascal Bernabé

A conversation with technical diver and depth record breaker, Pascal Bernabé. Pascal Bernabé has just held a press conference at the Moscow dive show answering questions from an enthusiastic audience about his 330 meter record dive.

The soft spoken Frenchman seems relieved to slip out of the uncomfortable limelight on the stage. Having escaped the massive attention for a while, he grabs a chair beside me, and we begin to converse about the meaning of it all.

Words:
Peter Symes
Images:
Download the full article as pdf ⬇︎
Profiles & Interviews

Peter Symes:  Why do you dive so deep? Is it for seeking adventure, exploration, or developing equipment?

Pagination

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Reviews

Books & Media

Technically Speaking

Simon Pridmore's aim in writing this book was to examine and record where technical diving came from, how it developed, how it expanded across the world, who the important movers were and how the efforts of a few determined people changed our little field of human endeavour forever.

Technically Speaking
Works by Our Contributors
Review
Books
Simon Pridmore
Books & Media

Reefs of Time

In Reefs of Time, geoscientist and science educator Lisa S. Gardiner offers a compelling and accessible exploration of how fossil coral reefs can inform our understanding of the threats facing reefs today. 

Book cover:  Reefs of Time
Review
Books & Media

Marine Life of the North Sea and English Channel

Lawson Wood’s Marine Life of the North Sea and English Channel is an extensive guide dedicated to the exploration and understanding of the diverse marine ecosystems found between the British Isles and the coasts of northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and southern Sweden.

Cover  Marine LIfe of the North Sea and English Channel
Works by Our Contributors
Review
Books
Lawson Wood
Books & Media

Yes, Fish Feel Pain

A thought-provoking examination of fish sentience, behaviour and the growing scientific debate surrounding pain perception in aquatic animals.

Yes, Fish Feel Pain
Works by Our Contributors
Review
Books
Ila France Porcher
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Compiled by an international network of top dive editors and world-class underwater photographers, X-RAY MAG is the planet's only truly global premier dive lifestyle magazine. Subscription and downloads are free. Published since 2003.

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AquaScope Media ApS - Copenhagen - © 2026

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