X-Ray Mag #138

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X-Ray Mag Global edition   ~50 Mb

Feature articles in this issue with stand-alone pdfs

Simon Pridmore  
Robert Hornung CC BY 2.0

In rebreather diving, preparation and checklists are essential for staying alive. So, why do some rebreather divers skip their checklists? Simon Pridmore takes a closer look, offering insights and tips for diving safely in an excerpt from his recent book, Technically Speaking: Talks on Technical Diving, Volume 2: Foundations and Strategies.

Scott Bennett   Scott Bennett
Photo by Scott Bennett

In an ever-shrinking diving world, with favourite locations being overrun and over-loved, finding that “next new destination” is a challenge. Well, look no further, as one location has been hiding in plain sight all along: Welcome to Japan! Scott Bennett has the story.

Franco Tulli   Franco Tulli
Photo by Franco Tulli

Technological advances in photography have enabled photographers to document the extraordinary reproductive lives of tiny creatures found in the underwater world as never before, often leading to scientific discovery and understanding of little-known species. Underwater photographer Franco Tulli takes a closer look.

Brandi Mueller   Brandi Mueller
Photo by Brandi Mueller

For those seeking both adventure and leisure, the beautiful islands around North Sulawesi boast picturesque scenery, delicious food, rejuvenating spas, diverse diving and ultimate relaxation, making for lasting memories while also supporting environmental and social responsibility. Siladen, paired with a visit to Bangka Island, was the perfect choice for underwater photographer Brandi Mueller and her non-diving mother. Here is part one of this two-part chronicle.

Lelle Malmström, edited by G. Symes  
Transmitter images courtesy of Suunto, Garmin, Scubapro, AquaLung, Shearwater Research

Do you remember the feeling when you first used a dive computer instead of tables? That freedom to follow your own profile and see bottom time and decompression in real time. Many divers are now experiencing that same sense of technological wonder again, but with an even smaller detail: the transmitter.

Steffen Schmitt   Steffen Schmitt
Photo by Steffen Schmitt

More than twenty years after a conversation with a Norwegian diving friend first sparked the idea, German technical diver and underwater photographer Steffen Schmitt made the trek north to explore the mysterious depths of Norway’s Trondheim Fjord.

Lawson Wood and Lesley Orson Wood   Lawson Wood and Vincenzo Ambrosanio
Photo by Lawson Wood.

This little former volcano, located to the north of Sicily, has been somewhat of a diver’s dream for many years. However, for most people, the name generally conjures up the question, “Where’s that?” But surprisingly, Ustica is actually Italy’s oldest marine protected area, which was created in 1986. Immersed in the Tyrrhenian Sea, most European divers have extolled its virtues for many years, but what exactly is all the fuss about? Lawson Wood has the story.

Michel Ribera  
Photo by Andrey Bizyukin

An analysis of persistent accident mechanisms, despite modern training and technology. Technical diving instructor, cave diver and researcher Michel Ribera provides insights into fatal cave diving accidents and the factors that lead to them.

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Other articles and news in this issue

Photo by Peter Symes

The expo in Germany’s industrial heartland, held in the middle of winter, has become an unparalleled powerhouse of a dive show that serves both the public and the dive community as a central networking event of growing importance.

Photo by Yvonne Chok

In conjunction with the 20th anniversary of the Malaysia International Dive Expo (MIDE) in 2026, the acclaimed Lens Beyond Ocean (LBO) Underwater Photo & Video Competition returns for its 15th edition. 

Photo by Scott Bennett

New research highlights critical population decline and urgent need for protection.

Photo by Vertigem Azul CC BY-NC 4.0

The findings of a new study have challenged a long-held theory about bottlenose dolphins in the Mediterranean. It was thought that they were split into east and west populations, but, in fact, they are divided into coastal and offshore ecotypes that do not interact.

Photo by Peter Symes

Swedish dive equipment pioneer enters new phase under defence-focused ownership.

Photo by Ila France Porcher

Every summer in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, a dramatic ecological shift takes place—one that few divers ever witness, but one that reshapes the underwater neighbourhood. As thousands of seabird fledglings take their first flights from their nests, tiger sharks approach and wait for one to alight on the sea. And the balance of power beneath the surface changes.

Thomas Ehrensperger CC BY-SA 3.0

New research links youthfulness to greater vulnerability.

Matthew T Rader - MatthewTRader.com - CC BY-SA 4.0

Study finds routine violations threaten animal welfare and long-term sustainability.

Hemming1952 - Wikimedia - CC BY-SA 4.0

New research shows long-lived sharks retain retinal function for decades, challenging assumptions about ageing in vertebrates.

Jessica Zamborain-Mason - STRI news release

Restored fisheries can improve nutrition, livelihoods and the long-term health of coral reefs.

Photo by Amandine Deridoux CC BY-NC 4.0

New research reveals how tube feet coordinate locomotion through local feedback rather than central control.

Photo by Barb Roy

Ownership changes and cancelled trips leave divers facing losses and unanswered questions.

SAMM - 2023 - CC BY 4.0

A submerged stone structure off the coast of Brittany has been identified as a 7,000-year-old human-built wall, offering rare insight into maritime societies during the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition.

Viking Ship Museum via press release

Maritime archaeologists in Denmark have revealed the remains of what is now considered the world’s largest known medieval cog, uncovered during marine construction work off Amager, near Copenhagen. 

Bernard DUPONT CC BY-SA 2.0

Research has revealed a devastating decline in African penguin populations along the South African coast. More than 60,000 penguins have starved in two major breeding colonies between 2004 and 2012. Scientists say the crisis is driven by overfishing and the effects of global warming.

Tomasz Baranowski CC BY 2.0

To anyone who has spent time underwater, the ocean feels alive. Light flickers like breath across a reef. Currents glide past like the sweep of a pulse. Migrations rise and fall in ancient patterns. The sea moves with a quiet rhythm, pulsing on many timescales at once. Some take seconds, others centuries, but each rhythm shapes the ocean we know. Scientists are only beginning to understand how these cycles connect, and why the sea seems to behave like a single, living organism.

Pbsouthwood CC BY-SA 4.0

Divers tend to think of sea urchins as simple animals—spiky, slow-moving, and mostly interested in grazing on algae. But an international research team has found that sea urchins are far more complex than they look. In fact, you could say that a sea urchin’s entire body acts in a way like a brain.

Photo by Todd Pusser - Open Access CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Scientists confirm first at-sea photographs and genetic samples of one of the world’s least known cetaceans.

NASA - JPL - Public Domain

When we slip beneath the waves, we enter a world of drifting life, shifting temperatures, and water that always seems to be on the move. But what feels like gentle flow during a dive is actually part of a colossal global engine—one that shapes weather patterns, transports heat around the planet, and keeps Earth’s climate surprisingly stable.

Diego Delso CC BY-SA 4.0

Under the moonlit sky, on quiet, tropical beaches, baby sea turtles hatch from their eggs and scramble toward the surf. Drawn by the shimmer of starlight on the water, they rush over the sand and vanish into the waves. For scientists, this is one of the great mysteries—an animal born in one location, who leaves right away for another. From that moment, the young turtles disappear into the open ocean for years—sometimes a decade or more—before anyone sees them again.

Illustration by Ila France Porcher - AI

In the frozen seas of the Arctic and Antarctic, winter brings one of the ocean’s strangest and most beautiful sights—the brinicle, sometimes called an “ice finger of death”. These delicate, glassy tubes form beneath the sea ice, descending toward the seafloor like slow, shimmering icicles. But unlike normal ice, they bring deadly cold to everything they touch.

Photo by Ila France Porcher

In a groundbreaking revelation, a recent study has shattered the myth of uniform behaviour among sharks, specifically in bull sharks, shedding light on the existence of individual personalities within this iconic species.

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