X-Ray Mag #131

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Feature articles in this issue with stand-alone pdfs

Andrea Murdock Alpini   Andrea Murdock Alpini , Paolo Bonfiglio , Francesco Macchiarella , Alessandro Pagano
Photo by Francesco Macchiarella - PHY Diving Equipment

In the waters of the Strait of Messina and the Grecanica Area in Calabria, Italy, there are many shipwrecks and submerged artefacts dating from ancient to modern times, with more still to be found. Andrea Murdock Alpini takes us on a journey of discovery to several wreck sites in the area and their history, as well as a beautiful underwater cave.

Michael Salvarezza and Christopher P. Weaver   Michael Salvarezza and Christopher P. Weaver
Photo by Michael Salvarezza and Christopher Weaver

Mexico’s Sea of Cortez is home not only to big animals such as whales, orcas, dolphins, sea lions and hammerhead sharks but also several notable wrecks. Underwater photographers Michael Salvarezza and Christopher P. Weaver share their adventures in the waters of the Baja Peninsula.

Kate Jonker   Kate Jonker
Photo by Kate Jonker

With a wealth of macro subjects to choose from, the Indonesian island of Bali is a macro photographer’s dream. Underwater photography instructor Kate Jonker takes us to the quaint fishing village of Tulamben on Bali’s northeastern coast and shares her insights and tips for making the most of your trip.

Silke & Rainer Schimpf   Silke & Rainer Schimpf
Photo by Rainer Schimpf

In the wild waters of South Africa, a change of diet has occurred among a resident population of orcas. Perhaps because they are finding less of their usual prey offshore, they are now hunting fur seals. Silke and Rainer Schimpf have the story.

Ila France Porcher   Alex Buttigieg , Andy Murch
Photo courtesy of Alex Buttigieg

Alex Buttigieg, famously known as the “Sharkman of Malta”, is an accomplished dive instructor, shark conservation advocate and researcher whose dedication to understanding and protecting sharks has made him one of the most influential marine conservationists in Europe. Ila France Porcher has the story.

X-Ray Mag Contributors   X-Ray Mag Contributors
Photo by Kate Jonker

We asked our contributors to share their favorite underwater images that showcase Romanticism and romantic elements or symbolism, and they came back with a beautiful collection of macro and wide-angle shots featuring a variety of marine life and underwater scenery, including the Dark Romanticism of mysterious caves and moody wrecks.

Simon Pridmore   Courtesy of Purple Dive Penida
Photo courtesy of Purple Dive Penida

Recreational diving as a sport today is in a better state than commonly thought just two decades ago. Simon Pridmore takes a closer look and offers insights into the positive developments in diving.

Pierre Constant   Pierre Constant
Photo by Pierre Constant

The Southeast Asian nation of Timor-Leste, known in the local Tetum language as Timór Lorosa’e (“where the sun rises”), comprises the eastern part of the island of Timor. Pierre Constant tells of his journey to explore its beautiful reefs and mysterious caves.

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Other articles and news in this edition

Photo courtesy of MIDE

The 19th Malaysia International Dive Expo (MIDE) is set to make waves from 13-15 June 2025 at the Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre (MITEC) in Kuala Lumpur. With this year’s theme “Explore, Connect & Conserve the Ocean’s Enigma”, it is a must-attend event for divers, watersports enthusiasts and industry professionals. MIDE continues to be a global hub for the underwater world.

Roque Gameiro - Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

Archaeologists have uncovered a shipwreck near Malindi, Kenya, believed to be the São Jorge, a vessel from Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama's final voyage in 1524.

Unknown author - National Maritime Museum - Wikimedia - Public domain

Divers exploring near Kalpeni Island in the Lakshadweep archipelago have uncovered the wreckage of a European warship, believed to date back to the 17th or 18th century.

 

The 5th-century vessel, Gela II, discovered near Gela, Sicily, is set for recovery, offering insights into ancient maritime trade and the enigmatic metal orichalcum.

Axou CC BY-SA 3.0

A French marine park, Marineland, has shut its doors for good following a 2021 law that banned shows featuring marine mammals. This closure marks the end of a controversial chapter for the park, which had long been home to two orcas—Wikie and Keijo—the last remaining orcas in captivity in France. Yet, while the public bid farewell to the park with a final show featuring the orcas, it is crucial to remember the grim reality these animals have faced for most of their lives.

Photo by Ila France Porcher

Coral reefs, vital to marine ecosystems, face increasing threats from extreme events like marine heatwaves and cyclonic storms. The aftermath of these disturbances—particularly the legacy of dead coral skeletons—may significantly affect the ability of coral reefs to recover.

Recent research highlights how local larval dispersal strengthens coral reef networks, aiding recovery from bleaching and environmental stresses.

Photo by 出羽雀台 CC BY-SA 4.0

In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists tracked a juvenile shortfin mako shark in the Mediterranean Sea, revealing both its impressive mobility and the dangers it faces. The shortfin mako shark, known for its remarkable speed, is now classified as Endangered worldwide and Critically Endangered in the Mediterranean as a result of decades of overfishing, especially factory fishing, combined with poor management.

Photo by Paulbuza via Wikimedia CC BY-SA 4.0

Nadi's state-of-the-art hyperbaric chamber strengthens diver safety and boosts medical tourism in the South Pacific.

Peter Isotalo CC BY-SA 3.0

Researchers have developed a novel hydrogel that effectively preserves waterlogged wooden artefacts, such as shipwrecks, by neutralising harmful acids and preventing microbial decay.

HUGIN Team 1 - Den Norske Flåde - Blueye Robotics - syndikering med Dykking.no

While surveying the seabed in Trondheimsfjorden, the Norwegian Navy found the wreck of the legendary flying boat Blohm & Voss BV 222 Wiking, which was sunk on 10 October 1945. They also found a Heinkel He 115.

Hemming1952 CC BY-SA 4.0

In the deep, cold waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, an extraordinary creature has quietly evaded the typical rules of ageing. The Greenland shark, a giant species that can grow to more than five metres in length, has stunned scientists with its exceptional lifespan—estimated to last over 390 years, making it one of the longest-living vertebrates on Earth. Now, researchers are beginning to uncover the genetic secrets behind the Greenland shark's remarkable longevity.

Egyptian Interior Ministry

Egyptian authorities thwart an attempt to trade artefacts dating back to the Greek and Roman eras.

 

Illustration by Ila France Porcher

Dolphins have long fascinated humans with their intelligence, complex behaviours, and remarkable social structures. Now, with advanced techniques for analysing intelligent actions, communication researchers are finding that dolphins are not only one of the most intelligent animals, but that they may actually talk to each other!

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