(Top photo by Manu San Félix, National Geographic Pristine Seas, via press release)

The monumental coral, of the species Pavona clavus, was discovered by researchers of the National Geographic Pristine Seas project during an expedition to the remote Three Sisters Islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Initially mistaken for a shipwreck or large rock due to its size, the structure was confirmed to be a single coral colony, surpassing previous records for individual corals.

The researchers almost missed it too. Its discovery “was really serendipitous,” Molly Timmers, the expedition’s lead scientist, told National Geographic. “It was found the night before we were moving to another section.”

The largest coral colony ever recorded

This colossal coral comprises millions of genetically identical polyps, forming a habitat that supports a diverse array of marine life, including fish, crustaceans and other invertebrates. Its extensive structure offers valuable data on past oceanic conditions, contributing to our understanding of marine ecosystems and their responses to environmental changes over centuries.

The researchers believe there could be nearly one billion polyps in this mammoth colony surrounded by sand. This ancient coral stands as a testament to the resilience of marine life and the importance of sustained conservation efforts to preserve such natural wonders for future generations.

In deeper waters

The discovery comes at a critical time, as coral reefs worldwide face significant threats from climate change, pollution and overfishing. In 2024, the fourth global coral bleaching event was recorded, highlighting the vulnerability of these ecosystems. This specimen was found in deeper waters than some coral reefs, which may have protected it from higher temperatures at the sea surface.

The Solomon Islands’ coral underscores the necessity of protecting marine environments, especially as only 8% of the world’s oceans currently have some form of protection, with goals set to increase this to 30% by 2030.