Carry-on rules seem to change constantly. Understanding the latest restrictions on size, weight and contents can help travelers avoid surprise fees or having to check bags at the gate. Here are some key changes.
Carry-on dimensions
Most European and international airlines set carry-on size limits at around 55 x 40 x 20-23cm (21 x 15 x 7-9in), including wheels and handles. Despite this, over 60 percent of carry-on bags sold are too large. Travelers should verify their airline’s exact requirements online and measure their luggage in advance. If needed, invest in a compliant bag well before departure.
Weight limits
Strict carry-on weight limits, typically 8 to 10kg (17 to 22 lbs), have also been implemented by many airlines. There are even scales built into some check-in kiosks to enforce these requirements. Wear your heavy boots or coat on the plane to reduce weight. Media professionals may be allowed extra equipment weight or additional items at lesser charges if they present valid credentials, so it is worth asking the airline about media allowances before your trip.
Personal items
A personal item—such as a purse, laptop or backpack—also has stricter restrictions. It must fit under the seat in front of you and be no larger than 40 x 30 x 10-25cm (15 x 11 x 4-9in) with a weight limit of 3kg (6 lbs), depending on the airline. Oversized or overweight personal items are often gate-checked. As policies vary, always consult the airline’s guidelines before packing.
Liquid restrictions
Due to a provisional technical issue with new security scanners, the 3-1-1 rule was reinstated in EU countries in 2024. Any container larger than 100ml must be packed in checked baggage. Medicines and baby food are often exempt but are inspected. Since policies continue to evolve, always check the rules before your trip.
Power banks and lithium batteries
Following rare fire incidents, airlines have tightened rules for lithium batteries and power banks, and some have banned them altogether. Devices must be able to power on at security checks, or they will not be allowed through. Carry a charging cable and check power levels to avoid this.
A limited number of spare batteries and power banks up to 100 watt-hours may be allowed in hand luggage only, never in checked bags, and must be individually protected to prevent short circuits. In smart luggage, built-in batteries must be removable. Each airline sets a limit on devices and batteries and may not permit storage of them in overhead bins, so checking airline-specific policies is essential.
